From the February 2016 Issue of Prestwood eMag

Design HTML Language Reference: Common Entity References By Mike Prestwood

Posted 21 years ago on 3/20/2003 and updated 6/22/2008 Take Away: Translation of entity references and special codes ( such as < to < ).  Tags: html , entity references , entity , special codes , special characters KB100187

This page lists the common entity references. These entity references are from HTML 2.0 and HTML 3.2. These entities reference characters from the ISO Latin-1 character set.

More References

• ISO Latin-1 characters - along with the character's decimal and octal code positions and the associated entity references (where defined).
• Entity References - Info on new entities.
• ISO Web site

Character entity references in HTML 4.0

ISO 8859-1 characters
nbsp		no-break space (non-breaking space)	160	00A0	ISOnum
iexcl		inverted exclamation mark	161	00A1	ISOnum
cent		cent sign	162	00A2	ISOnum
pound		pound sign	163	00A3	ISOnum
curren		currency sign	164	00A4	ISOnum
yen		yen sign (yuan sign)	165	00A5	ISOnum
brvbar		broken bar (broken vertical bar)	166	00A6	ISOnum
sect		section sign	167	00A7	ISOnum
uml		diaeresis (spacing diaeresis)	168	00A8	ISOdia
copy		copyright sign	169	00A9	ISOnum
ordf		feminine ordinal indicator	170	00AA	ISOnum
laquo		left-pointing double angle quotation mark (left pointing guillemet)	171	00AB	ISOnum
not		not sign	172	00AC	ISOnum
shy	­	soft hyphen (discretionary hyphen)	173	00AD	ISOnum
reg		registered sign (registered trade mark sign)	174	00AE	ISOnum
macr		macron (spacing macron, overline APL overbar)	175	00AF	ISOdia
deg		degree sign	176	00B0	ISOnum
plusmn		plus-minus sign (plus-or-minus sign)	177	00B1	ISOnum
sup2		superscript two (superscript digit two, squared)	178	00B2	ISOnum
sup3		superscript three (superscript digit three, cubed)	179	00B3	ISOnum
acute		acute accent (spacing acute)	180	00B4	ISOdia
micro		micro sign	181	00B5	ISOnum
para		pilcrow sign (paragraph sign)	182	00B6	ISOnum
middot		middle dot (Georgian comma, Greek middle dot)	183	00B7	ISOnum
cedil		cedilla (spacing cedilla)	184	00B8	ISOdia
sup1		superscript one (superscript digit one)	185	00B9	ISOnum
ordm		masculine ordinal indicator	186	00BA	ISOnum
raquo		right-pointing double angle quotation mark (right pointing guillemet)	187	00BB	ISOnum
frac14		vulgar fraction one quarter (fraction one quarter)	188	00BC	ISOnum
frac12		vulgar fraction one half (fraction one half)	189	00BD	ISOnum
frac34		vulgar fraction three quarters (fraction three quarters)	190	00BE	ISOnum
iquest		inverted question mark (turned question mark)	191	00BF	ISOnum
Agrave		Latin capital letter A with grave (Latin capital letter A grave)	192	00C0	ISOlat1
Aacute		Latin capital letter A with acute	193	00C1	ISOlat1
Acirc		Latin capital letter A with circumflex	194	00C2	ISOlat1
Atilde		Latin capital letter A with tilde	195	00C3	ISOlat1
Auml		Latin capital letter A with diaeresis	196	00C4	ISOlat1
Aring		Latin capital letter A with ring above (Latin capital letter A ring)	197	00C5	ISOlat1
AElig		Latin capital letter AE (Latin capital ligature AE)	198	00C6	ISOlat1
Ccedil		Latin capital letter C with cedilla	199	00C7	ISOlat1
Egrave		Latin capital letter E with grave	200	00C8	ISOlat1
Eacute		Latin capital letter E with acute	201	00C9	ISOlat1
Ecirc		Latin capital letter E with circumflex	202	00CA	ISOlat1
Euml		Latin capital letter E with diaeresis	203	00CB	ISOlat1
Igrave		Latin capital letter I with grave	204	00CC	ISOlat1
Iacute		Latin capital letter I with acute	205	00CD	ISOlat1
Icirc		Latin capital letter I with circumflex	206	00CE	ISOlat1
Iuml		Latin capital letter I with diaeresis	207	00CF	ISOlat1
ETH		Latin capital letter ETH	208	00D0	ISOlat1
Ntilde		Latin capital letter N with tilde	209	00D1	ISOlat1
Ograve		Latin capital letter O with grave	210	00D2	ISOlat1
Oacute		Latin capital letter O with acute	211	00D3	ISOlat1
Ocirc		Latin capital letter O with circumflex	212	00D4	ISOlat1
Otilde		Latin capital letter O with tilde	213	00D5	ISOlat1
Ouml		Latin capital letter O with diaeresis	214	00D6	ISOlat1
times		multiplication sign	215	00D7	ISOnum
Oslash		Latin capital letter O with stroke (Latin capital letter O slash)	216	00D8	ISOlat1
Ugrave		Latin capital letter U with grave	217	00D9	ISOlat1
Uacute		Latin capital letter U with acute	218	00DA	ISOlat1
Ucirc		Latin capital letter U with circumflex	219	00DB	ISOlat1
Uuml		Latin capital letter U with diaeresis	220	00DC	ISOlat1
Yacute		Latin capital letter Y with acute	221	00DD	ISOlat1
THORN		Latin capital letter THORN	222	00DE	ISOlat1
szlig		Latin small letter sharp s (ess-zed)	223	00DF	ISOlat1
agrave		Latin small letter a with grave (Latin small letter a grave)	224	00E0	ISOlat1
aacute		Latin small letter a with acute	225	00E1	ISOlat1
acirc		Latin small letter a with circumflex	226	00E2	ISOlat1
atilde		Latin small letter a with tilde	227	00E3	ISOlat1
auml		Latin small letter a with diaeresis	228	00E4	ISOlat1
aring		Latin small letter a with ring above (Latin small letter a ring)	229	00E5	ISOlat1
aelig		Latin small letter ae (Latin small ligature ae)	230	00E6	ISOlat1
ccedil		Latin small letter c with cedilla	231	00E7	ISOlat1
egrave		Latin small letter e with grave	232	00E8	ISOlat1
eacute		Latin small letter e with acute	233	00E9	ISOlat1
ecirc		Latin small letter e with circumflex	234	00EA	ISOlat1
euml		Latin small letter e with diaeresis	235	00EB	ISOlat1
igrave		Latin small letter i with grave	236	00EC	ISOlat1
iacute		Latin small letter i with acute	237	00ED	ISOlat1
icirc		Latin small letter i with circumflex	238	00EE	ISOlat1
iuml		Latin small letter i with diaeresis	239	00EF	ISOlat1
eth		Latin small letter eth	240	00F0	ISOlat1
ntilde		Latin small letter n with tilde	241	00F1	ISOlat1
ograve		Latin small letter o with grave	242	00F2	ISOlat1
oacute		Latin small letter o with acute	243	00F3	ISOlat1
ocirc		Latin small letter o with circumflex	244	00F4	ISOlat1
otilde		Latin small letter o with tilde	245	00F5	ISOlat1
ouml		Latin small letter o with diaeresis	246	00F6	ISOlat1
divide		division sign	247	00F7	ISOnum
oslash		Latin small letter o with stroke (Latin small letter o slash)	248	00F8	ISOlat1
ugrave		Latin small letter u with grave	249	00F9	ISOlat1
uacute		Latin small letter u with acute	250	00FA	ISOlat1
ucirc		Latin small letter u with circumflex	251	00FB	ISOlat1
uuml		Latin small letter u with diaeresis	252	00FC	ISOlat1
yacute		Latin small letter y with acute	253	00FD	ISOlat1
thorn		Latin small letter thorn with	254	00FE	ISOlat1
yuml		Latin small letter y with diaeresis	255	00FF	ISOlat1
Mathematical, Greek and symbolic characters
fnof		Latin small f with hook (function, florin)	402	0192	ISOtech
Greek
Alpha	Α	Greek capital letter alpha	913	0391
Beta	Β	Greek capital letter beta	914	0392
Gamma	Γ	Greek capital letter gamma	915	0393	ISOgrk3
Delta	Δ	Greek capital letter delta	916	0394	ISOgrk3
Epsilon	Ε	Greek capital letter epsilon	917	0395
Zeta	Ζ	Greek capital letter zeta	918	0396
Eta	Η	Greek capital letter eta	919	0397
Theta	Θ	Greek capital letter theta	920	0398	ISOgrk3
Iota	Ι	Greek capital letter iota	921	0399
Kappa	Κ	Greek capital letter kappa	922	039A
Lambda	Λ	Greek capital letter lambda	923	039B	ISOgrk3
Mu	Μ	Greek capital letter mu	924	039C
Nu	Ν	Greek capital letter nu	925	039D
Xi	Ξ	Greek capital letter xi	926	039E	ISOgrk3
Omicron	Ο	Greek capital letter omicron	927	039F
Pi	Π	Greek capital letter pi	928	03A0	ISOgrk3
Rho	Ρ	Greek capital letter rho	929	03A1
Sigma	Σ	Greek capital letter sigma	931	03A3	ISOgrk3
Tau	Τ	Greek capital letter tau	932	03A4
Upsilon	Υ	Greek capital letter upsilon	933	03A5	ISOgrk3
Phi	Φ	Greek capital letter phi	934	03A6	ISOgrk3
Chi	Χ	Greek capital letter chi	935	03A7
Psi	Ψ	Greek capital letter psi	936	03A8	ISOgrk3
Omega	Ω	Greek capital letter omega	937	03A9	ISOgrk3
alpha	α	Greek small letter alpha	945	03B1	ISOgrk3
beta	β	Greek small letter beta	946	03B2	ISOgrk3
gamma	γ	Greek small letter gamma	947	03B3	ISOgrk3
delta	δ	Greek small letter delta	948	03B4	ISOgrk3
epsilon	ε	Greek small letter epsilon	949	03B5	ISOgrk3
zeta	ζ	Greek small letter zeta	950	03B6	ISOgrk3
eta	η	Greek small letter eta	951	03B7	ISOgrk3
theta	θ	Greek small letter theta	952	03B8	ISOgrk3
iota	ι	Greek small letter iota	953	03B9	ISOgrk3
kappa	κ	Greek small letter kappa	954	03BA	ISOgrk3
lambda	λ	Greek small letter lambda	955	03BB	ISOgrk3
mu	μ	Greek small letter mu	956	03BC	ISOgrk3
nu	ν	Greek small letter nu	957	03BD	ISOgrk3
xi	ξ	Greek small letter xi	958	03BE	ISOgrk3
omicron	ο	Greek small letter omicron	959	03BF	NEW
pi	π	Greek small letter pi	960	03C0	ISOgrk3
rho	ρ	Greek small letter rho	961	03C1	ISOgrk3
sigmaf	ς	Greek small letter final sigma	962	03C2	ISOgrk3
sigma	σ	Greek small letter sigma	963	03C3	ISOgrk3
tau	τ	Greek small letter tau	964	03C4	ISOgrk3
upsilon	υ	Greek small letter upsilon	965	03C5	ISOgrk3
phi	φ	Greek small letter phi	966	03C6	ISOgrk3
chi	χ	Greek small letter chi	967	03C7	ISOgrk3
psi	ψ	Greek small letter psi	968	03C8	ISOgrk3
omega	ω	Greek small letter omega	969	03C9	ISOgrk3
thetasym	ϑ	Greek small letter theta symbol	977	03D1	NEW
upsih	ϒ	Greek upsilon with hook symbol	978	03D2	NEW
piv	ϖ	Greek pi symbol	982	03D6	ISOgrk3
General Punctuation
bull		bullet (black small circle)	8226	2022	ISOpub
hellip		horizontal ellipsis (three dot leader)	8230	2026	ISOpub
prime	′	prime (minutes, feet)	8242	2032	ISOtech
Prime	″	double prime (seconds, inches)	8243	2033	ISOtech
oline	‾	overline (spacing overscore)	8254	203E	NEW
frasl	⁄	fraction slash	8260	2044	NEW
Letterlike Symbols
weierp	℘	script capital P (power set, Weierstrass p)	8472	2118	ISOamso
image	ℑ	blackletter capital I (imaginary part)	8465	2111	ISOamso
real	ℜ	blackletter capital R (real part symbol)	8476	211C	ISOamso
trade		trade mark sign	8482	2122	ISOnum
alefsym	ℵ	alef symbol (first transfinite cardinal)	8501	2135	NEW
Arrows
larr	←	leftwards arrow	8592	2190	ISOnum
uarr	↑	upwards arrow	8593	2191	ISOnum
rarr	→	rightwards arrow	8594	2192	ISOnum
darr	↓	downwards arrow	8595	2193	ISOnum
harr	↔	left right arrow	8596	2194	ISOamsa
crarr	↵	downwards arrow with corner leftwards (carriage return)	8629	21B5	NEW
lArr	⇐	leftwards double arrow	8656	21D0	ISOtech
uArr	⇑	upwards double arrow	8657	21D1	ISOamsa
rArr	⇒	rightwards double arrow	8658	21D2	ISOtech
dArr	⇓	downwards double arrow	8659	21D3	ISOamsa
hArr	⇔	left right double arrow	8660	21D4	ISOamsa
Mathematical Operators
forall	∀	for all	8704	2200	ISOtech
part	∂	partial differential	8706	2202	ISOtech
exist	∃	there exists	8707	2203	ISOtech
empty	∅	empty set (null set, diameter)	8709	2205	ISOamso
nabla	∇	nabla (backward difference)	8711	2207	ISOtech
isin	∈	element of	8712	2208	ISOtech
notin	∉	not an element of	8713	2209	ISOtech
ni	∋	contains as member	8715	220B	ISOtech
prod	∏	n-ary product (product sign)	8719	220F	ISOamsb
sum	∑	n-ary summation	8721	2211	ISOamsb
minus	−	minus sign	8722	2212	ISOtech
lowast	∗	asterisk operator	8727	2217	ISOtech
radic	√	square root (radical sign)	8730	221A	ISOtech
prop	∝	proportional to	8733	221D	ISOtech
infin	∞	infinity	8734	221E	ISOtech
ang	∠	angle	8736	2220	ISOamso
and	∧	logical and (wedge)	8743	2227	ISOtech
or	∨	logical or (vee)	8744	2228	ISOtech
cap	∩	intersection (cap)	8745	2229	ISOtech
cup	∪	union (cup)	8746	222A	ISOtech
int	∫	integral	8747	222B	ISOtech
there4	∴	therefore	8756	2234	ISOtech
sim	∼	tilde operator (varies with, similar to)	8764	223C	ISOtech
cong	≅	approximately equal to	8773	2245	ISOtech
asymp	≈	almost equal to (asymptotic to)	8776	2248	ISOamsr
ne	≠	not equal to	8800	2260	ISOtech
equiv	≡	identical to	8801	2261	ISOtech
le	≤	less-than or equal to	8804	2264	ISOtech
ge	≥	greater-than or equal to	8805	2265	ISOtech
sub	⊂	subset of	8834	2282	ISOtech
sup	⊃	superset of	8835	2283	ISOtech
nsub	⊄	not a subset of	8836	2284	ISOamsn
sube	⊆	subset of or equal to	8838	2286	ISOtech
supe	⊇	superset of or equal to	8839	2287	ISOtech
oplus	⊕	circled plus (direct sum)	8853	2295	ISOamsb
otimes	⊗	circled times (vector product)	8855	2297	ISOamsb
perp	⊥	up tack (orthogonal to, perpendicular)	8869	22A5	ISOtech
sdot	⋅	dot operator	8901	22C5	ISOamsb
Miscellaneous Technical
lceil	⌈	left ceiling (APL upstile)	8968	2308	ISOamsc
rceil	⌉	right ceiling	8969	2309	ISOamsc
lfloor	⌊	left floor (APL downstile)	8970	230A	ISOamsc
rfloor	⌋	right floor	8971	230B	ISOamsc
lang	〈	left-pointing angle bracket (bra)	9001	2329	ISOtech
rang	〉	right-pointing angle bracket (ket)	9002	232A	ISOtech
Geometric Shapes
loz	◊	lozenge	9674	25CA	ISOpub
Miscellaneous Symbols
spades	♠	black spade suit	9824	2660	ISOpub
clubs	♣	black club suit (shamrock)	9827	2663	ISOpub
hearts	♥	black heart suit (valentine)	9829	2665	ISOpub
diams	♦	black diamond suit	9830	2666	ISOpub
Markup-significant and internationalization characters
C0 Controls and Basic Latin
quot	"	quotation mark (APL quote)	34	0022	ISOnum
amp	&	ampersand	38	0026	ISOnum
lt	<	less-than sign	60	003C	ISOnum
gt	>	greater-than sign	62	003E	ISOnum
Latin Extended-A
OElig		Latin capital ligature OE	338	0152	ISOlat2
oelig		Latin small ligature oe	339	0153	ISOlat2
Scaron		Latin capital letter S with caron	352	0160	ISOlat2
scaron		Latin small letter s with caron	353	0161	ISOlat2
Yuml		Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis	376	0178	ISOlat2
Spacing Modifier Letters
circ		modifier letter circumflex accent	710	02C6	ISOpub
tilde		small tilde	732	02DC	ISOdia
General Punctuation
ensp		en space	8194	2002	ISOpub
emsp		em space	8195	2003	ISOpub
thinsp		thin space	8201	2009	ISOpub
zwnj	‌	zero width non-joiner	8204	200C	RFC 2070
zwj	‍	zero width joiner	8205	200D	RFC 2070
lrm	‎	left-to-right mark	8206	200E	RFC 2070
rlm	‏	right-to-left mark	8207	200F	RFC 2070
ndash		en dash	8211	2013	ISOpub
mdash		em dash	8212	2014	ISOpub
lsquo		left single quotation mark	8216	2018	ISOnum
rsquo		right single quotation mark	8217	2019	ISOnum
sbquo		single low-9 quotation mark	8218	201A	NEW
ldquo		left double quotation mark	8220	201C	ISOnum
rdquo		right double quotation mark	8221	201D	ISOnum
bdquo		double low-9 quotation mark	8222	201E	NEW
dagger		dagger	8224	2020	ISOpub
Dagger		double dagger	8225	2021	ISOpub
permil		per mille sign	8240	2030	ISOtech
lsaquo		single left-pointing angle quotation mark	8249	2039	ISO proposed
rsaquo		single right-pointing angle quotation mark	8250	203A	ISO proposed
euro		euro sign	8364	20AC	NEW

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KB Post Contributed By Mike Prestwood:

Mike Prestwood is a drummer, an author, and creator of the PrestwoodBoards online community. He is the President & CEO of Prestwood IT Solutions. Prestwood IT provides Coding, Website, and Computer Tech services. Mike has authored 6 computer books and over 1,200 articles. As a drummer, he maintains play-drums.com and has authored 3 drum books. If you have a project you wish to discuss with Mike, you can send him a private message through his PrestwoodBoards home page or call him 9AM to 4PM PST at 916-726-5675 x205. Visit Profile