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Cross Ref > OOP Basics

By Mike Prestwood

C++ versus PHP: A side by side comparison between C++ and PHP.

 
OOP Basics
 

Some languages support object-based concepts such as Paradox, Access, and VB Classic. Other languages have OO extensions and fully support object orientation in a hybrid fashion (such as C++ and Dephi for Win32). Finally, some lanages such as C#, VB.Net, Prism, and Java are entirely written in OO. Meaning, every line of code written must occur within a class).

Class..Object

[Other Languages] 

Languages Focus

In short, a class is a data type, and an object is an instance of a class type. A class has methods (routines), properties (member variables), and a constructor. The current values of the properties is the current state of the object. The UML is one of the diagraming disciplines that allows you to document the various changing states of a series of objects.

C++:   Yes More Info / Comment
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Inheritance

[Other Languages] 

The concept of a class makes it possible to define subclasses that share some or all of the main class characteristics. This is called inheritance. Inheritance also allows you to reuse code more efficiently. In a class tree, inheritance is used to design classes vertically. (You can use Interfaces to design classes horizontally within a class tree.) With inheritance, you are defining an "is-a" relationship (i.e. a chow is-a dog). Analysts using UML call this generalization where you generalize specific classes into general parent classes.

C++:   : public ParentClass

In C++ you use the class keyword to signify a class and a colon followed by the parent class name for inheritance.

Syntax Example:

In the following example, a terminator T-600 is-an android. 

class Android {
};
 
class T-600: Public Android {
};
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Member Visibility

[Other Languages] 

General Info: Class Visibility Specifiers

In OOP languages, members of a class have a specific scope that indicates visibility. Standard visibility includes private, protected, and public. Private members are usable by the defining class only (fully encapsulated). They are invisible outside of the class except by friendly classes. Protected members are usable by the defining class and descendant classes only (plus friendly classes). Public members are usable wherever its class can be referenced.

Languages Focus

Traditional member visibility specifiers for fully OOP languages are private, protected, and public. Many modern OOP languages implement additional member visibilities.

Additional member modifiers are documented under the Member Modifiers topic.

C++: 

C++ implements class and member visibility specifiers traditionally. Note the colon at the end of each visibility specifier and the semi-colon at the end of the class (the end of the statement).

Syntax Example:
class Cyborg: Public AParentClass {
public:
 
protected:
 
private:
};
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