Cross Ref > Language Basics

C++ is case sensitive. In C and C++ commands and variable names are case sensitive.

printf("hello\n");

Printf("hello\n"); //>>>Does not work!

PHP is case sensitive with variable names but not with commands. Although commands are case incenstive, I prefer to use all lowercase because it's easy to type and that's what I see most PHP coders doing and I see it on PHP.Net.

echo "hello<br>";

ECHO "hello<br>";

Echo "hello<br>";

eCHo "hello<br>";

$fullname = "Mike Prestwood"; //These are two...

$FullName = "Wes Peterson";   //separate varialbes.

For C++, Java, JavaScript, and PHP, I will use Berkeley indent style only because I see more C++ code formatted that way.

int Dog::Bark() {
 cout << "My first class method!" << endl;
 return 0;
};

In .PHP html pages, you embed PHP code between <?PHP and ?>.

For PHP, JavaScript, Java,and C++, I prefer to put the first { at the end of the first line of the code block as in the example above because I see morePHP codeformatted that way (and on PHP.Net).

PHP Alternative Syntax

Although I don't like to use it, PHP offers an alternative syntax for if, while, for, foreach, and switch. These code blocks are surrounded by statement ending keywords that all use End with camel caps such as endif, endwhile, endfor, endforeach,and endswitch.

<?PHP

$x = "Yes";

//Simple if

If ($x == "Yes")
  echo "hello world";

//If with a block of code.

If ($x == "Yes") {
  echo "Hello world";

  echo "I am a PHP coder!";

}

?>

Commenting Code
C++ uses "//" for a single line comment and /* */ for a multiple line comment.

//Single line comment in MS (not ANSI compliant so do NOT use).
  

/* ANSI compliant single line comment. */
  

/*
Multiple line
comment.

*/

/*

* This is another popular

* way to write multi-line

* comments.

*/

Commenting Code
Use the multi-line to comment out large blocks of code and to write multiple line comments.

#This is a comment in PHP.

//This is too!
 

/*

This is a multi-line

comment.

*/

In standard C++, you use const and static const to declare constants.

//C++Builder 2009 Example:

const String kName = "Mike";
const int kAge = 35;

ShowMessage("Hi " + kName + ", you are " + kAge + ".");

In PHP, you declare constants using the define keyword:

define("CONST_NAME", "Value");

Constants in PHP are case sensitive. A common standard in PHP is to use all-uppercase letters, with underscores to separate words within the name.

define('FULL_NAME', 'Mike Prestwood');
define("AGE", 25);

echo "Your name is " . FULL_NAME . ".";
echo "You are " . AGE . ".";

 PHP Constants (define)

C++ uses a semicolon ";" as an end of statement specifier and you can put multiple statements on a single line of code if you wish as well as split a single statement into two or more code lines.

printf("Hello1");

printf("Hello2");

printf("Hello3"); printf("Hello4");

printf

   ("Hello5");

String literals are quoted as in "Prestwood". If you need to embed a quote use a slash in front of the quote as in \".

printf("Hello\n");
printf("Hello \"Mike\".\n"); 

cout << "Hello" << endl;

cout << "Hello \"Mike\".\n";

In PHP you can use quotes, or apostrophes as in "Prestwood", and 'Prestwood' for string literals. Use a slash in front of a quote or apostrophe to embed same type as in \' and \".

To specify a floating point literal between 1 and -1, you can preceed the decimal with a 0 or not (both work). In other words, preceding and following decimals are allowed (both .1 and 0.1). Trailing decimals are also allowed (1, 1., and 1.0 are all equivalent and allowed).

echo "Mike's drums are over there.<br>";
echo 'Mike said, "hi!"<br>';

//Does PHP evaluate this simple

//floating point math correctly? No! 

If ((.1 + .1 + .1) == .3) {
 Echo "Correct";
} Else {
 Echo "Not correct";
}

 PHP Literals (quote or apostrophe)

Variable names are case sensitive.

The fundamental variable types in C++ are char, short int, int, long int, bool, float, double, long double, and wchar_t. The integer data types char, short, long and int can be either signed or unsigned. Signed variables are positive and negative. Unsigned variables are positive only.

int Age;

int Age = 43;

float a, b, c;

string FullName; //#include 

unsigned short int FamilyMemberCount;

PHP is a loosely typed language. No variable types in PHP. Declaring and using variables are a bit different than in other languages. In PHP, you identify and use a variable with a $ even within strings!

You assign by reference with & as in &$MyVar.

$fullname = 'Mike Prestwood';
$FullName = 'Wes Peterson';   //This is a different variable!
$Age = 38;
$Weight = 162.4;

 

echo "Your name is $fullname.
";
echo "You are $Age and weigh $Weight.
";

 PHP Variables ($x = 0;)