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   ► KBTo/From GuidesDelphiOperators  Print This     

Cross Ref > Operators

By Mike Prestwood

Delphi versus PHP: A side by side comparison between Delphi and PHP.

 
Operators
 

A language symbol used for assignment, comparison, computational, or as a logical.

Assignment

[Other Languages] 

Languages Focus

Common assignment operators for languages include =, ==, and :=. An assignment operator allows you to assign a value to a variable. The value can be a literal value like "Mike" or 42 or the value stored in another variable or returned by a function.

Delphi:   :=

Delphi uses := for it's assignment operator.

Syntax Example:
var
  FullName: String;
  Age: Integer;
begin
  FullName := "Randy Spitz";
Age := 38;
end
PHP:   =

PHP uses = for it's assignment operator.

Syntax Example:
$fullname = "Randy Spitz";
$age = 38;




Comparison Operators

[Other Languages] 

General Info: Round Floating Point Numbers

When comparing floating point numbers, make sure you round to an acceptable level of rounding for the type of application you are using.

Languages Focus

A comparison operator compares two values either literals as in "Hello" and 3 or variables as in X and Counter. Most languages use the same operators for comparing both numbers and strings. Perl, for example, uses separate sets of comparison operators for numbers and strings.

Delphi:   =, <>

Common comparison operators:

= equal
<> not equal
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal
>= greater than or equal

Syntax Example:
//Does Delphi evaluate the math correctly? Yes!
//Refer to math.pas MaxSingle for more info.
if (0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.3) then
ShowMessage('correct')
else
ShowMessage('not correct')
PHP:   ==, != or <>

Common comparison operators:

== equal
!= or <> not equal
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal
>= greater than or equal

PHP 4 and above also offers === for indentical (equal plus same type) and !== for not identical (not equal or not same type).

Syntax Example:
//Does PHP evaluate the math correctly? No!
if (.1 + .1 + .1 == .3) {
echo "correct";
}
else {
echo "not correct";
}




Empty String Check

[Other Languages] 

Languages Focus

An empty string is a zero length string, a string that is equal to null (""), or not assigned. In some languages, you can check if a string is empty by comparing it to an empty string (""). Some languages distinguish between nil and null ("") so checking if the length is 0 is easier.

Delphi:   length(s) = 0

Length() or SizeOf() will correctly identify an unassigned string variable or an empty string.

Syntax Example:
if length(s) = 0 then
  ShowMessage('empty string');
[Not specified yet. Coming...]




Logical Operators

[Other Languages] 

Languages Focus

Logical operators perform conditional and, or, and not operations. Some languages support both binary logical operators that link two and unary logical operators negate (make opposite) the truth value of its argument. Finally, some languages short circuit logic. For example, with this or that, if this is an expression returning true, then that is never executed.

Delphi: 

Delphi logical operators:

and and, as in this and that
or or, as in this or that
not Not, as in Not This
xor either or, as in this or that but not both

The Delphi compiler default is to short circuit multi argument boolean expressions when the result is known before the evaluation completes. To disable short circuiting, use the {$B+} compiler directive. To reset it back to the compiler default of short circuting, use the {$B-} compiler directive.

Syntax Example:
//Given expressions a, b, c, and d:
if Not (a and b) and (c or d) then
  //Do something.
PHP:   and, &&, or, ||, !, Xor

PHP logical operators:

and, && and, as in this and that
or, || or, as in this or that
! Not, as in Not This
Xor either or, as in this or that but not both

Syntax Example:
#Given expressions a, b, c, and d:
if !((a && b) && (c || d)) {
  #Do something.
};




String Concatenation

[Other Languages] 
Delphi:  "String Concatenation" +

Use the + operator to concatenate two strings. Use IntToStr to convert an integer to a string and FloatToStr to convert a floating point number to a string.

Syntax Example:
var 
  FirstName : String; 
  LastName : String;
begin 
  FirstName := 'Mike'; 
  LastName := 'Prestwood';
  ShowMessage('Full name: ' + FirstName + ' ' + LastName);
  
  ShowMessage(FloatToStr(3.2));
end;
PHP:  "String Concatenation" .

PHP uses a period (.) known as a dot to concatenate strings.

Syntax Example:
$fname = "Mike";
$lname = "Prestwood";

$fullname = $fname . $lname . "
";

echo "My name is " . "Mike.
";




Unary Operators

[Other Languages] 

General Info: Unary Operator

An operation with only one operand (a single input). Common unary operators include + plus, - minus, and bitwise not. Some operators can function as both unary and binary operators. For example, + and - operators can serve as either.

Languages Focus

What unary operators are supported in additoin to the standard plus, minus, and bitwise not.

Delphi: 

An operation with only one operand (a single input). In Object Pascal, a unary operator has the highest precedence and always precedes its operand (for example, -B), except for the  ^ pointer operator, which follows its operand (for example, P^). In addition to the obvious +, -, and Not operators, Delphi also offers:

^ Pointer
@ returns the address of a variable, function, procedure, or method; a pointer to its operand.
inc() Increment
dec() Decrement

The TYPE operator is also a unary operator and is valuated at compile time. The TYPE operator returns the size in bytes of the operand,

More Info / Comment
PHP: 

A unary operator operates on only one value.

PHP Examples:

  • ! negation operator
  • ++ increment operator
  • -- decrement operator




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